The character Oliver Twist Essays

The character Oliver Twist Essays The character Oliver Twist Essay The character Oliver Twist Essay Essay Topic: Oliver Twist This suggests that the poor orphans were fed so badly, they were fed watered- down gruel, which wasnt very appetizing but that was all they got so they didnt have a choice if they wanted to survive. He was being treated like a piece of luggage, being pushed around the system. Oliver is branded a troublemaker and is offered as an apprentice to anyone willing to take him. After narrowly escaping being bound to a chimney sweep, a very dangerous business where small boys are routinely smothered being lowered into chimneys; Oliver is apprenticed to the undertaker, Mr Sowerberry for 5 shillings. Oliver fights with Noah Claypole, another of the undertakers boys, after Noah mocks Olivers dead mother. Oliver was treated badly by Noah Claypole and Mrs Sowerberry. It says, Mrs Sowerberry plunged into the kitchen, and assisted to hold him with one hand while she scratched his face with the other This emphasis the fact that Mrs Sowerberry is corrupt and unfair, because she didnt show any consideration of what Noah had said about Olivers dead mother. She didnt show any love towards Oliver to calm him down, as he was very hurt. This proves that society was cruel, corrupt and unfair because young innocent children like Oliver were physically abused. They couldnt do anything about it, all they could do was hope that it would stop or theyd runaway. Oliver had to attend funerals with the Sowereberrys, this was part of Olivers job this was a daily routine for him. He was to watch young children get buried; this was unfair, as Oliver is young and therefore shouldnt have to be forced to do these jobs. Corruptness is shown when Oliver was made to sleep amongst other coffins, which is rather disturbing and very cruel. As some of the coffins may have had dead bodies still in the coffins waiting to get buried the next day. This was a very nasty thing to do to anybody especially young, nai ve and gullible children. Oliver wasnt any better off than other boys who became chimney sweeps. Because the boys who became chimney sweeps inhale smoke, this wasnt very good for your health. However, he was better off than other orphans, who became chimney sweeps because this was very dangerous job particularly for young children. People who did not work in the workhouses saw asking for more food as a sin. Oliver says, Please Sir I want some more. This means that Oliver was still hungry but there was no sympathy towards Oliver from the Beadle and Mrs. Mann. To them it showed that he was being ungrateful and ill-mannered. Mr. Bumble and Mrs. Mann are corrupt, because they do not show any love and care for the people in the workhouses. Dickens shows this by the actions Mr. Bumble used to discipline; he locked Oliver in a cupboard for asking for more food and Dick was locked in there too for being greedy for more gruel.

Glycoprotein Definition and Function

Glycoprotein Definition and Function A glycoprotein is a type of protein molecule that has had a carbohydrate attached to it. The process either occurs during protein translation or as a posttranslational modification in a process called glycosylation. The carbohydrate is an oligosaccharide chain (glycan) that is covalently bonded to the polypeptide side chains of the protein. Because of the -OH groups of sugars, glycoproteins are more hydrophilic than simple proteins. This means glycoproteins are more attracted to water than ordinary proteins. The hydrophilic nature of the molecule also leads to the characteristic folding of the proteins tertiary structure. The carbohydrate is a short molecule, often branched, and may consist of: simple sugars (e.g., glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose)amino sugars (sugars that have an amino group, such as N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine)acidic sugars (sugars that have a carboxyl group, such as sialic acid or N-acetylneuraminic acid) O-Linked and N-Linked Glycoproteins Glycoproteins are categorized according to the attachment site of the carbohydrate to an amino acid in the protein. O-linked glycoproteins are ones in which the carbohydrate bonds to the oxygen atom (O) of the hydroxyl group (-OH) of the R group of either the amino acid threonine or serine. O-linked carbohydrates may also bond to hydroxylysine or hydroxyproline. The process is termed O-glycosylation. O-linked glycoproteins are bound to sugar within the Golgi complex.N-linked glycoproteins have a carbohydrate bonded to the nitrogen (N) of the  amino group (-NH2) of the R group of the amino acid asparagine. The R group is usually the amide side chain of asparagine. The bonding process is called N-glycosylation. N-linked glycoproteins gain their sugar from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and then are transported to the Golgi complex for modification. While O-linked and N-linked glycoproteins are the most common forms, other connections are also possible: P-glycosylation occurs when the sugar attaches to the phosphorus of phosphoserine.C-glycosylation is when the sugar attaches to the carbon atom of amino acid. An example is when the sugar mannose bonds to the carbon in tryptophan.Glypiation is when a  glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) glycolipid attaches to the carbon terminus of a polypeptide. Glycoprotein Examples and Functions Glycoproteins function in the structure, reproduction, immune system, hormones, and protection of cells and organisms. Glycoproteins are found on the surface of the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. Their hydrophilic nature allows them to function in the aqueous environment, where they act in cell-cell recognition and binding of other molecules. Cell surface glycoproteins are also important for cross-linking cells and proteins (e.g., collagen) to add strength and stability to a tissue. Glycoproteins in plant cells are what allows plants to stand upright against the force of gravity. Glycosylated proteins are not just critical for  intercellular communication. They also help organ systems communicate with each other. Glycoproteins are found in brain gray matter, where they work together with axons and synaptosomes. Hormones  may be glycoproteins. Examples include human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and erythropoietin (EPO). Blood clotting depends on the glycoproteins prothrombin, thrombin, and fibrinogen. Cell markers may be glycoproteins. The MN blood groups are due to two polymorphic forms of the glycoprotein glycophorin A. The two forms differ only by two amino acid residues, yet that is enough to cause problems for persons receiving an organ donated by someone with a different blood group. The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and H antigen of the ABO blood group are distinguished by glycosylated proteins. Glycophorin A is also important because its the attachment site for Plasmodium falciparum, a human blood parasite. Glycoproteins are important for reproduction because they allow for the binding of the sperm cell to the surface of the egg. Mucins are glycoproteins found in mucus. The molecules protect sensitive epithelial surfaces, including the respiratory, urinary, digestive, and reproductive tracts. The immune response relies on glycoproteins. The carbohydrate of antibodies (which are glycoproteins) determines the specific antigen it can bind. B cells and T cells have surface glycoproteins which bind antigens, as well. Glycosylation Versus Glycation Glycoproteins get their sugar from an enzymatic process that forms a molecule that would not function otherwise. Another process, called glycation, covalently bonds sugars to proteins and lipids. Glycation is not an enzymatic process. Often, glycation reduces or negates the function of the affected molecule. Glycation naturally occurs during aging and is accelerated in diabetic patients with high glucose levels in their blood. References and Suggested Reading Berg, Tymoczko, and Stryer (2002).  Biochemistry. W.H. Freeman and Company: New York. 5th edition: pg. 306-309.Ivatt, Raymond J. (1984)  The Biology of Glycoproteins. Plenum Press: New York.

Glycoprotein Definition and Function

Glycoprotein Definition and Function A glycoprotein is a type of protein molecule that has had a carbohydrate attached to it. The process either occurs during protein translation or as a posttranslational modification in a process called glycosylation. The carbohydrate is an oligosaccharide chain (glycan) that is covalently bonded to the polypeptide side chains of the protein. Because of the -OH groups of sugars, glycoproteins are more hydrophilic than simple proteins. This means glycoproteins are more attracted to water than ordinary proteins. The hydrophilic nature of the molecule also leads to the characteristic folding of the proteins tertiary structure. The carbohydrate is a short molecule, often branched, and may consist of: simple sugars (e.g., glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose)amino sugars (sugars that have an amino group, such as N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine)acidic sugars (sugars that have a carboxyl group, such as sialic acid or N-acetylneuraminic acid) O-Linked and N-Linked Glycoproteins Glycoproteins are categorized according to the attachment site of the carbohydrate to an amino acid in the protein. O-linked glycoproteins are ones in which the carbohydrate bonds to the oxygen atom (O) of the hydroxyl group (-OH) of the R group of either the amino acid threonine or serine. O-linked carbohydrates may also bond to hydroxylysine or hydroxyproline. The process is termed O-glycosylation. O-linked glycoproteins are bound to sugar within the Golgi complex.N-linked glycoproteins have a carbohydrate bonded to the nitrogen (N) of the  amino group (-NH2) of the R group of the amino acid asparagine. The R group is usually the amide side chain of asparagine. The bonding process is called N-glycosylation. N-linked glycoproteins gain their sugar from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and then are transported to the Golgi complex for modification. While O-linked and N-linked glycoproteins are the most common forms, other connections are also possible: P-glycosylation occurs when the sugar attaches to the phosphorus of phosphoserine.C-glycosylation is when the sugar attaches to the carbon atom of amino acid. An example is when the sugar mannose bonds to the carbon in tryptophan.Glypiation is when a  glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) glycolipid attaches to the carbon terminus of a polypeptide. Glycoprotein Examples and Functions Glycoproteins function in the structure, reproduction, immune system, hormones, and protection of cells and organisms. Glycoproteins are found on the surface of the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. Their hydrophilic nature allows them to function in the aqueous environment, where they act in cell-cell recognition and binding of other molecules. Cell surface glycoproteins are also important for cross-linking cells and proteins (e.g., collagen) to add strength and stability to a tissue. Glycoproteins in plant cells are what allows plants to stand upright against the force of gravity. Glycosylated proteins are not just critical for  intercellular communication. They also help organ systems communicate with each other. Glycoproteins are found in brain gray matter, where they work together with axons and synaptosomes. Hormones  may be glycoproteins. Examples include human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and erythropoietin (EPO). Blood clotting depends on the glycoproteins prothrombin, thrombin, and fibrinogen. Cell markers may be glycoproteins. The MN blood groups are due to two polymorphic forms of the glycoprotein glycophorin A. The two forms differ only by two amino acid residues, yet that is enough to cause problems for persons receiving an organ donated by someone with a different blood group. The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and H antigen of the ABO blood group are distinguished by glycosylated proteins. Glycophorin A is also important because its the attachment site for Plasmodium falciparum, a human blood parasite. Glycoproteins are important for reproduction because they allow for the binding of the sperm cell to the surface of the egg. Mucins are glycoproteins found in mucus. The molecules protect sensitive epithelial surfaces, including the respiratory, urinary, digestive, and reproductive tracts. The immune response relies on glycoproteins. The carbohydrate of antibodies (which are glycoproteins) determines the specific antigen it can bind. B cells and T cells have surface glycoproteins which bind antigens, as well. Glycosylation Versus Glycation Glycoproteins get their sugar from an enzymatic process that forms a molecule that would not function otherwise. Another process, called glycation, covalently bonds sugars to proteins and lipids. Glycation is not an enzymatic process. Often, glycation reduces or negates the function of the affected molecule. Glycation naturally occurs during aging and is accelerated in diabetic patients with high glucose levels in their blood. References and Suggested Reading Berg, Tymoczko, and Stryer (2002).  Biochemistry. W.H. Freeman and Company: New York. 5th edition: pg. 306-309.Ivatt, Raymond J. (1984)  The Biology of Glycoproteins. Plenum Press: New York.

Mainstream American environmental movement Essay

Mainstream American environmental movement - Essay Example Further, immigration policies and occupational experiences have also shaped the environmental encounters of different races. Rather than culminating into the intended functional marriage of conservation and liberalism, limitations of the environmental reform agenda has led marginalized races, people of color as well as working class Whites to develop alternative agendas related to environmental movements (Rosemarie 83). This paper will analyze the role of race in the American environmental movement, and why environmental groups have had difficulties in building racial diversity in the past. It will further suggest why mainstream American environmental movement has been overwhelmingly white in the past and what can be done to change the trend among religious groups. As early as the 19th century, African-American abolitionists were fighting against the use of the poisonous arsenic, alongside slavery, by tobacco plantation owners who were Whites (Bernstein 212). More recent history has shown that some middle class Whites fled urban cities and shifted their focus on wildlife issues, wilderness and outdoor explorations while those who remained developed urban parks as they attempted to progress environmental conditions. At the same time, the urban environmental activists accorded the white working class better safety and worker health as compared to people of color. Instead, the environmental activists drove them off their land into reservations where they were put into slavery and used as laborers earning low wages. This forced them (people of color) to develop environmental discourses and activist agendas that addressed, or sought to address, oppression and racism alongside violation of human rights, denunciation or loss of land ownership, restricted access to resources and safety and health issues (Bernstein 212). To bridge the gap between these historically diverse issues, modern day environmental movement in the United States is characterized by an array of soc ial movements or non-governmental organizations (NGOs) representing international, national and local interests (Rosemarie 69). Founded on different political views, the stake they seek from their influence on the environmental policy also varies widely. To analyze the complexity of the environmental movement, research must view it in terms of the distinct memberships based on their world views. Just like organized religious groups, participation in the environmental movement is based on prescribed sets of beliefs. The beliefs are made up of cultural perspectives that define a community’s practices concerning environmental movements. For instance, one such group, the Center for Health, Environment and Justice is aligned with the concerns of environmental health. Oriented by this perspective, its objective is to safeguard the health of residents of urban areas by getting rid of toxic substances from the environment. On the other hand, another group, the Wilderness Society is c oncerned with the discourse of protection of biodiversity and perpetuation of intact environmental systems. Informed through this perspective, the Wilderness Society emphasizes on the creation and maintenance of wilderness areas in a bid to guarantee an enduring ecological diversity in their areas of interest. Viewed from the angles of these two different communities, it is apparent that they both have

The Super Bowl Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Super Bowl Project - Research Paper Example A project manager is responsible for assigning tasks and managing resources around the project until its completion. In the Super Bowl Project, the project manager is supposed to oversee smooth completion of all modules of the project (Leiker, Ellenport, 2005). The management approach used in the project is chiefly qualitative and also in their research. The project manager aims at proper understanding othe activities involved in effectively running a Super Bowl Project. His decision making aims at answering the how and why such events fail or prosper by checking a small sample. Before the project commenced, the manager checked cases occurring in similar events and their effects. The conclusions that have been prepared by the project manager have been used in efficient administration of the project and avoiding uncertainties. Quantitative approach is only slightly used in the procurement department in making projections for proper use of the budget (Buehring, Cassell, Johnson, Symon, 2006). The Super Bowl Project encompasses the events that run prior to the actual games, which are held in different venues. Project management will involve searching for sponsorship and broadcasts to create exposure for the Super Bowl. The city where the event is happening should have a good reputation so as to encourage more people to attend it. The project manager is conscientious for planning the event and creates provision and solutions for any uncertainties that may occur. Uncertainties include the venue being declared unavailable as the event approaches or lack of enough boosts from sponsors. On the actual day of the Super Bowl, the safety of attendants should be enhanced ensuring that there are health facilities close to the venue. Due to hysteria during games there is a possibility of mass illness and so the medical facilities should accommodate above 25,000 people. As a result of the recent terrorism threats, the project manager should liaise with the governor to provide extra National Guards. A proper evacuation plan should be made in case of an emergency to ensure the fans safely make it out of the Super Bowl venue (Leiker, Ellenport, 2005). Proper insurance measures should also be placed against the property used during the event, as well as the participant’s health. The coverage should also apply to the media and sponsors in case there is a cancelation and fans need a refund on their ticket money. The project manager has to gather a number of insurers and choose the most suitable for the job. Most of the risk management that is involved in the Super Bowl project revolves around the activities happening outside the football games. The project manager should ensure that proper planning in ancillary events as well as the actual Super Bowl. The Department of Code Enforcement of Indiana has actively inspected the venue where the Super Bowl is set to be held (Leiker, Ellenport, 2005). Each structure involved in the event is inspected and the st andards used to set up temporary structures set together with those of permanent structures. The organizational structure used in the project is matrix, which involves grouping the people involved on functionality and expected results. This ensures that the people in both groups make up for each other’s weaknesses and increase productivity of the product. Balanced matrix was applied to divide the project in phases and departments to

Black Nationalism Essay Example for Free

Black Nationalism Essay Black Nationalism is defined by Karenga, as the political belief and practice of African Americans as a distinct people with a distinct historical personality who politically should develop structures to define, defend, and develop the interests of Blacks as a people. Black Nationalism can be traced back to the 18th century, back to William Edward Burghardt DuBois, the most prominent black intellectual of all time. Black Nationalism is the response of African Americans to the continual racism and oppression they experience. It came about because of two reasons; the racism that they faced daily, and being exploited economically by white supremacy. Black Nationalism seeks a solution to the problems that African Americans face on a daily basis After the Civil War, the situation of the black people was not good; it was a semi-free, semi-slave situation. An example of this is tenancy, where the Blacks have control of the work process and work schedule but ultimately had to give up the fruits of their hard work because they were not the landowners. This kept the Blacks under White dominance, and living in poverty. Another factor in the economical status of the Black people was the introduction of mass production, new methods and machinery. This caused the loss of many of the jobs being held by the Black men, Negroes are now restricted more and more to common labor and domestic service of the lowest paid and worst kind. The already bad situation became worse when the Depression arrived. Although everyone was affected by the Depression, the Black people were hit the hardest, as DuBois states in the case of the Negro worker, everything has been worse? the loss has been greater and more permanent. ( DuBois, 564) In addition, Black people have always experienced racism. DuBois communicates this problem in the essay A Negro Nation within the Nation, Negro children are systematically denied education;? Once or twice a month Negroes convicted of no crime are openly and publicly lynched, and even burned?. When a man with every qualification is refused a position simply because his great-grandfather was black there is not a ripple of comment or protest( DuBois, 563) To survive these conditions, and defend themselves against racism, exploitation and oppression, Black people formed social relationships within their community, which centered mainly around the church. They fought back with Black unity, the belief that Blacks should come together to fight against their exploitation, oppression, and discrimination. DuBoiss nationalism circulates around three main ideas: First, the belief that all people of African descent shared common goals, and that they should work together in their struggle for equality. Second, he emphasized a cultural nationalism; being the editor of the crisis magazine he encouraged the development of black literature and art, publishing the work of many of the most talented black writers and poets, encouraging his readers to see the beauty in black. Finally, he believed that Blacks should develop a separate group economy of producers and consumers, and cooperate as a weapon for fighting economic discrimination and black poverty. DuBois created Talented Tenth, the idea of using the intellectual elite to fight against racism. He believed the only way to fight racism and oppression was to attack the economic power of the white people. The thinking colored people of the United States, he wrote, must stop being stampeded by the word segregation. . . . There should never be an opposition to segregation pure and simple unless that segregation does involve discrimination. (DuBois, 557. ) He believed that some forms of segregation were beneficial to the Black people. This statement from DuBois spurred a lot of controversy and resulted in his resignation form the NAACP, which was primarily made of integrationist, those who refused to see themselves as people of African descent and opposed any form of institutional segregation based on race. Nationalists, on the other hand such a DuBois, saw themselves as descendents of Africa, they emphasized that Black people should create their own economical, cultural and educational institutions. The Conclusion: Black Nationalism was created as a result of the struggles of the Black people in America, it was necessary for their cultural and economical survival. Some may say that being a nationalist is being a racist; this is true in some cases. Black Nationalism is similar to Kurdish Nationalism, or Armenian Nationalism, the nationalism of oppressed people, struggling for freedom and equality. On the other hand White Nationalism can be compared with Arab or Turkish Nationalism, which includes racism, race superiority, and oppression of minorities and different ethnic groups. I believe that Black Nationalism is pragmatic, Black people are now proud of their heritage and ancestors, aware of their rich cultural history, and not the image of a lower class, dark-skinned savage inferior to the white supremacy painted by White America. Works Citied DuBois, W. E. B. A Negro Nation within The Nation. W. E. B. DuBois A Reader. Ed. David Levering Lewis. New York, Ny: Henry Holt and Company 1995. 563-570. DuBois, W. E. B. Segregation. W. E. B. DuBois A Reader. Ed. David Levering Lewis. New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company 1995. 557-558.

Fishing Disaster :: Environment Ecosystem Environmental Essays

Fishing Disaster Background: The ocean around the rocky shores of Newfoundland were once so full of cod that explorer John Cabot marveled in 1497 that they virtually blocked his ship. In the centuries to follow, fish became the one of the only reasons anyone ever came to Newfoundland, or stayed. Cod was the center of life in the Canadian Maritimes from the beginning. Starting in the 1950's, Huge European trawlers began to travel across the Atlantic to fish the waters off Newfoundland. Some refered to these super-ships as "Fish Factories". With the increased effort by these distant-water fleets, catches of northern cod increased in the late 1950s and early 1960s and peaked at just over 800,000 tons by 1968. However, by 1975 the Candian Government realized the devastating effect this was having on its fish populations and closed its waters to foriegn fishing boats. Although this temporarily staved off the growing crisis, European intervention had changed the nature of Canadian fishing, leading to the development of Canadian owned super-trawlers. Disaster Strikes: Throughout the 1980s, the annual catch of Canada's northern cod fishing fleet hovered around the 250,000 tonnes mark, as the Canadian government kept promoting more investment. Newfoundland's small-scale, inshore cod fishermen, however, were voicing concerns long before anyone else that the abundance of the northern cod population was not as healthy as scientists were reporting. Contradictory to scientific data, traditional inshore fishermen in Newfoundland began to notice declining catches before the mid-1980s. By 1986 the scientists also realized that the stock was declining, and by 1988 had recommended the total allowable catch be cut in half. Instead of acting immediately, in a precautionary manner to protect dwindling fish stocks by substantially reducing catch quotas at the first signs of overfishing, the federal government delayed conservation action, choosing instead quite moderate reductions of the total allowable catch beginning in 1989. It wasn't until 1990, following several years of analysis and re-analysis of data from stock surveys (without simultaneously reducing catch quotas) that the Independent Review of the state of the Northern Cod stock concluded that the population, the biomass, the spawning population, and the spawning biomass of the Northern Cod were all in decline and that fishing-related mortality was at dangerously high levels. By 1992, the biomass estimate for northern cod was the lowest ever measured. The Canadian Minister of Fisheries and Oceans had no choice but to declare a ban on fishing northern cod.

Annual Day Speech

A very warm good evening to all the wonderful people present today†¦ Its pleasure to start this auspicious occasion by heartily welcoming every body.. I hearty welcome our Honorable Chief guest, Our Principal, Dear Teachers, and my fellow- friends†¦ Its wonderful to see such amazing gathering once in a happy year.Today we all have gathers here for the annual day celebration. I welcome everybody with all my pleasant greetings, and I wish the celebration makes you smile and cheer you up with full of joy and entertainment. Thank you I would like to call upon our respected Principal, the sculptor of human character, a seasoned scholar and navigator of this flagship of knowledge to present a brief agenda and give the college/university presentation.Now we'll have our religious ceremony. Our beloved Holy Prophet (PBUH). The life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was a life of grand success. In his high moral qualities, his spiritual power, his high resolve, the excellence and perfection of his teaching, his perfect example and the acceptance of his prayers. in short, in every aspect of his life he exhibited such bright signs that even a person of low intelligence provided he is not inspired by unreasonable rancour and enmity is forced to confess that he was a perfect example of the manifestation of Divine qualities and was a perfect man.I would Like to call upon Mr(†¦) to recite naat in praise of Our beloved Holy Prophet (PBUH)†¦ I would like to call upon our respected Principal, the sculptor of human character, a seasoned scholar and navigator of this flagship of knowledge to present a brief agenda and give the college/university presentation.

Marketing ans supplementary services

Inna bid to form a boding relationship with consumers and customers, many organizations through their marketing activities have engaged in giving supplementary services such as additional services to argument or facilitate the core service or core product sold by the organization, after sales services, continuous enlightenment and communication to consumers on how to effectively utilize their products or service, among others. The supplementary services provided by an organization in its marketing strategy this is a way of retaining the patronage of old customers and winning the trust of new ones. As the strategy of retaining old customers is more cost effective than sourcing for new ones this supplementary services provision is a good way of increasing the bond between the organization and its customers. According to Stern (1997), â€Å"Bonding is an increasingly popular marketing strategy in which services marketers seek to establish personal long- term bonds with consumers so that current ones may be retained. Retention is now considered a more cost- effective strategy than continual prospecting for new customers, and this is made manifest by a firm’s commitment to the relationship as an enduring one†. Thus, enduring commitment to an organization’s relationship to its customers, it is adequately expressed via the level of supplementary services made available for them. Thus, the role of supplementary services and goods provision by an organization to its customers would be looked upon. SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES IN GOODS AAND SERVICES PROVIDING ORGANIZATION An organization provides core services and goods to its customers. This core services or products are the main organization’s operation which they render or sell to customers. According to Iacobucci (2001:323), â€Å"An organization that provides services, either as its central provision or in a   value-added capacity in a bundle of attributes included in a customer’s purchase of some goods, may find it useful to distinguish those elements of the services purchase experience that are ‘core’ from the supplemental†. Therefore core services or core product of an organization is that function that forms the business identity. For example, a car manufacturing company will have its core product as the finished cars sold to customers. On the other hand supplementary goods or services are those additional services that an organization gives to customers as a way to augment the core goods or services that was purchased or rendered by the organization. â€Å"The supplementary services are the components of the service delivery system that are intended to facilitate and enhance the customer’s experience† (ibid). using the car manufacturing organization again to illustrate, its supplementary services may be that it have a car servicing center, repairs to brakes, sells spare parts for its brand of cars, run a driver training school etc. Looking at the core and supplementary service of an organization that is service base, for example, an airline organization will have as its core service the transportation of passengers from one city to another. Its supplementary services would include the provision of movies and meals for passengers on board, the operating of a frequent flyer accounts (E.g. Air China gives its frequent flyer a Mileage Awards and run a club for its frequent flyers), conveniently located hubs etc. Also, a business center for data processing and photocopy services as its core may have supplementary services as sending of fax messages, sending of overnight express packages etc. The illustrated examples go to buttress the fact that supplementary services is applicable to both an organization that deals in  Ã‚   goods and services. THE ROLE OF SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES Supplementary services plays a vital role in making customers satisfy with the core goods or services they derive from an organization. The supplementary goods facilitate and make the customer have a quick satisfying experience from the utilization of the core services or goods from an organization. According to Iacobucci (2001:321), â€Å"In an attempt to create distinct advantage managers often seek to provide added value to customers and enhance their corporate competitive advantage by offering better customer service†. Hence, the provision of supplementary services to customer is a way by which a firm can gain competitive advantage over its rivals. The extra supplementary services goes a long way in putting the organization ahead over its rivals, that is as customers derives additional services they would be made satisfied and this is an advantage to the organization. Proctor (20000, argues that â€Å"marketing is about satisfying customers wants and needs and in the course of doing so facilitating the achievement of an organization’s objectives by paying attention to customers wants and needs organizations are likely to achieve their objectives in the marketplace†¦they have to compete with each other and also have to satisfy customers wants and needs at least as well their competitors.† Supplementary services brings the customers into forming a bond with the organization and hence, creating continuous patronage from the customers. Patronage motives, according to Beckman & Davidson (1967:300), â€Å"stressed in industrial   purchasing include accessibility to seller, rapidity of delivery, terms of sale and reliability of repair services, history of satisfactory business relationships, and other similar rational consideration†. Supplementary services helps in winning the continuous patronage of customers. For example, when a customer who buys television sets for his retail sales from an organization that offers supplementary repairs services, the retailer would be rest assures that if there is problem with any of the set, he stays to get expert to repair them from the organization. Thus, his patronage of the organization product would continue, and that bond would be established between him and the organization. Supplementary services also play the role of giving customers the ability to assess the level of satisfaction they get from the  Ã‚   core services or utility derived in consuming an organization’s product. For example, patience in a hospital may base his satisfaction on what he derives while being admitted as an in-patient. This could come in   supplementary services as the meal served, how conducive the environment is in terms of facility provided, and a clean environment, question like was the television in the ward too loud or in a good state? All these supplementary services which are not the core service from the hospital would go a long way in making the patient form his judgment on how satisfied he is with the core service from the organization. HOW TO RELATE SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES WITH AN ORGANIZATION’S MARKETING STRATEGY The supplementary services rendered by an organization should be established with a focus to helping the organization effectively market its core services or core products. Thus, it is germane that these supplementary services are a streamlined in the direction of how effectively the organization could attain its corporate objectives. According to Proctor (2000), â€Å"a strategy is a plan that integrates an organization’s major goals, policies, decisions and sequences of action into a cohesive whole†. Thus, it is germane that the provision of supplementary services is targeted towards enhancing the organization’s core functions in order to make it effectively meet its goals and objectives. The need to make vital decision on what to bring up as supplementary service sis important in meeting the significant that goes along with the service creation. According to Lazar (1971), an organization can derive good intelligent decision through information gotten from assessing marketing alternatives and adjust to  Ã‚  Ã‚   dynamic market conditions. Thus the provision of supplementary services should be done with the cognizance of change in the environment where the organization operates. CONCLUSION The provision of supplementary services is an effective way of satisfying the desires of customers. And this is applicable to organization operating in services provision and goods production. Continuous patronage and the formation of bond between customers and the organization is enhanced and facilitated through supplementary service provision. Hence, the establishment should align its supplementary services or goods to be intone with its core functions, so as to effectively meet the organization’s objectives and long term goals. REFRENCES Beckman, Theodore N & Davidson, William R. (1967), Marketing New York: Ronald Press Co. Iacobucci, Dawn (2001), â€Å"Services Marketing and Customers Service’ in Iacobucci, Dawn (ed.) Kellogg on Marketing. New York: Wiley Lazar, William (1971), Marketing management: A Systems Perspective. New York: John Wiley & Sons Proctor, Tony (2000), Strategic marketing: An Introduction. London: Routledge Stern, Barbara B. (1997), â€Å"Advertising Intimacy: relationship Marketing and the Service Consumer† in Journal of Advertising. Vol. 26, No. 4   

Critical Essay - Slavery in Beloved essays

Critical Essay - Slavery in Beloved essays Beloved, the novel by Toni Morrison isnt really about slavery, although everything each character does relates back to their past experiences in slavery. Sethe would have never have killed Beloved if Sethe hadnt been a runaway slave. Sethe killed Beloved to protect her from slavery. Denver would have never been lonely if Sethe hadnt killed Beloved. Howard and Buglar, Sethes sons would have never ran away if Sethe hadnt murdered Beloved. Baby Suggs wouldnt have died so soon if Sethe hadnt killed Beloved. Paul D wouldnt have left Sethe, if she hadnt murdered Beloved. All these things were directly related to Sethe murdering Beloved, which she did to protect The novel is about the interior lives of the characters. The novel lets you in on Baby Suggs interior life, her feelings when she became free, when she found out that her grandkids and daughter in-law had made it, but her son Halle had not. The novel lets in on how she knew that something bad was coming on the day that Sethe killed Beloved. We also saw how slavery and white people affected Baby Suggs life, her time I agree with Toni Morrisons quote about her novel Beloved . The novel isnt all about slavery. Its about the effects of slavery and the interior lives of the characters. Toni shows us the interior lives of all the characters and how they interact with each other. She shows us how the characters feel about one another and the things that go on in their lives. This novel teaches you the effects of slavery on people and their lives. ...

The Invention of Clothing

The Invention of Clothing It is not certain when people first started wearing clothes, however, anthropologists estimate that it was somewhere between 100,000 and 500,000 years ago. The first clothes were made from natural elements: animal skin, fur, grass, leaves, bone, and shells. Garments were often draped or tied; however, simple needles made out of animal bone provide evidence of sewn leather and fur garments from at least 30,000 years ago. When settled neolithic cultures discovered the advantages of woven fibers over animal hides, the making of cloth, drawing on basketry techniques, emerged as one of humankinds fundamental technologies. Hand and hand with the history of clothing goes the history of textiles. Humans had to invent weaving, spinning, tools, and the other techniques needed to be able to make the fabrics used for clothing. Ready-Made Clothing Before sewing machines, nearly all clothing was local and hand-sewn, there were tailors and seamstresses in most towns that could make individual items of clothing for customers. After the sewing machine was invented, the ready-made clothing industry took off. The Many Functions of Clothes Clothing serves many purposes: it can help protect us from various types of weather, and can improve safety during hazardous activities such as  hiking  and cooking. It protects the wearer from rough surfaces, rash-causing plants,  insect  bites, splinters,  thorns and prickles  by providing a barrier between the skin and the environment. Clothes can insulate against cold or heat. They can also provide a  hygienic  barrier, keeping infectious and toxic materials away from the body. Clothing also provides protection from harmful  UV radiation. The most obvious function of clothing is to improve the comfort of the wearer, by protecting the wearer from the elements. In hot climates, clothing provides protection from  sunburn  or  wind  damage, while in cold climates its thermal insulation properties are generally more important. Shelter usually reduces the functional need for clothing. For example,  coats,  hats,  gloves, and other superficial layers are normally removed when entering a warm home, particularly if one is residing or sleeping there. Similarly, clothing has seasonal and regional aspects, so that thinner materials and fewer layers of clothing are generally worn in warmer seasons and regions than in colder ones. Clothing performs a range of social and  cultural  functions, such as individual, occupational and sexual differentiation, and social status. In many societies, norms about clothing reflect standards of  modesty,  religion,  gender, and  social status. Clothing may also function as a form of adornment and an expression of personal taste or style. Some clothing protects from specific  environmental  hazards, such as  insects, noxious chemicals, weather,  weapons, and contact with abrasive substances. Conversely, clothing may protect the environment from the clothing  wearer, as with doctors wearing  medical scrubs.

Will a new economy lead to new attitudes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Will a new economy lead to new attitudes - Essay Example The introduction of new technologies had replaced many manufacturing processes done in 1930s. Under the present economy, new industries are introduced, jobs are created, wages and income increase and skills are honed. New industries gives new jobs, new technologies and provide new ways or organizing works that have changed work patterns in many existing jobs. As business becomes high tech, goods and services are more innovative and production grows to be flexible, attitude of people becomes to be more conscious of efficiency and productivity. Wherein before, there is a perception that it is difficult to make business in other parts of the world, now the world becomes our next door’s neighbor. As the IT brings in development of trade toward globalization, the new attitude is that of being innovative to become competitive and having a strong disposition to compete in global business world. (â€Å"The new economy index†) In conclusion, new attitude developed by the new economy are the outlook towards global competitiveness, that of being responsive to technological change, manners in business, mind-set of being efficient and innovative in the light of the fast pace of economic